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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Early life and career of Marcus Aurelius ： ウィキペディア英語版 Early life and career of Marcus Aurelius This article covers the life of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius from his birth on 26 April 121 to his accession on 7 March 161. Marcus' life after his accession is covered in Emperorship of Marcus Aurelius. ==Sources== The major sources for the life and rule of Marcus Aurelius are patchy and frequently unreliable. The biographies contained in the ''Historia Augusta'' claim to be written by a group of authors at the turn of the fourth century, but are in fact written by a single author (referred to here as "the biographer") from the later fourth century (c. 395). The later biographies and the biographies of subordinate emperors and usurpers are a tissue of lies and fiction, but the earlier biographies, derived primarily from now-lost earlier sources (Marius Maximus or Ignotus), are much better.〔Birley, ''Marcus Aurelius'', 229–30. The thesis of single authorship was first proposed in H. Dessau's "Über Zeit und Persönlichkeit der ''Scriptoes Historiae Augustae''" (in German), ''Hermes'' 24 (1889), 337ff.〕 For Marcus' life and rule, the biographies of Hadrian, Pius, Marcus and Lucius Verus are largely reliable, but those of Aelius Verus and Avidius Cassius are full of fiction.〔Birley, ''Marcus Aurelius'', 230. On the ''HA Verus'', see Barnes, 65–74.〕 A body of correspondence between Marcus' tutor Fronto and various Antonine officials (with a focus on Marcus himself) survives in a series of patchy manuscripts, covering the period from c. 138 to 166.〔Mary Beard, "(Was He Quite Ordinary? )", ''London Review of Books'' 31:14 (23 July 2009), accessed 15 September 2009; Birley, ''Marcus Aurelius'', 226.〕 Marcus' own ''Meditations'' offer a window on his inner life, but are largely undateable, and make few specific references to worldly affairs.〔Birley, ''Marcus Aurelius'', 227.〕 The main narrative source for the period is Cassius Dio, a Greek senator from Bithynian Nicaea who wrote a history of Rome from its founding to 229 in eighty books. Dio is vital for the military history of the period, but his senatorial prejudices and strong opposition to imperial expansion obscure his perspective.〔Birley, ''Marcus Aurelius'', 228–29, 253.〕 Some other literary sources provide specific detail: the writings of the physician Galen on the habits of the Antonine elite, the orations of Aelius Aristides on the temper of the times, and the constitutions preserved in the ''Digest'' and ''Codex Justinianus'' on Marcus' legal work.〔Birley, ''Marcus Aurelius'', 227–28.〕 Inscriptions and coin finds supplement the literary sources.〔Birley, ''Marcus Aurelius'', 228.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Early life and career of Marcus Aurelius」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.